Apostasy of companions of the Prophet (pbuh)

المعتبر من احاديث الكافي لمحب الدين  الموسوي الحلي ,كتاب الروضة ,حديث القباب

The reliable ahadith from al Kafi, by Shaikh Muhib al Din al Musawi al Hilli, Kitab al Rawda, Hadith al Qabab

٣٤١- حنان ( لنا: أي بهذا الاسناد علي عن ابيه )، عن أبيه، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام) قال: كان الناس أهل ردة بعد النبي (صلى الله عليه وآله) إلا ثلاثة فقلت:

ومن الثلاثة؟ فقال: المقداد بن الأسود وأبوذر الغفاري وسلمان الفارسي رحمة الله وبركاته عليهم، ثم عرف اناس بعد يسير وقال: هؤلاء الذين دارت عليهم الرحا وأبوا أن يبايعوا

حتى جاؤوا بأمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام) مكرها فبايع وذلك قول الله تعالى: «وما محمد إلا رسول قد

خلت من قبله الرسل أفإن مات أو قتل انقلبتم على أعقابكم ومن ينقلب على عقبيه فلن يضر الله

شيئا وسيجزي الله الشاكرين

341- Hannan (to us: This isnad means Ali from his father), from his father, from abi Ja'far (as) who said: "The people were ahle ridda (people who turned back/apostated) after the prophet (pbuh) except three." So I (narrator) said: "And who were the three?" So he said: "Al Miqdad b. al Aswad, Abu Dhar Ghafari and Salman Farsi (Allah's mercy and blessing be upon them), then the people realized after progressing (of time)." And he said: "These were those upon whom rested the quern and they refused to pledge allegiance till they came to Ali (as) in compulsion, then they pledged allegiance, and that is the saying of Allah (in al Qur'an 3: 144): Muhammad is no more than an apostle: many Were the apostle that passed away before him. If he died or were slain, will ye then Turn back on your heels? If any did turn back on his heels, not the least harm will he do to Allah. but Allah (on the other hand) will swiftly reward those who (serve Him) with gratitude."

Sharh (exposition/explanation)

   مرآة العقول في شرح أخبار آل الرسول، ج‏26، ص: 214

Miratul Uqul by Allama Majlisi, Volume 26, Page 214

 (الحديث الحادي و الأربعون و الثلاثمائة)

 (2): حسن أو موثق.

قوله عليه السلام:" أهل ردة"

 (3) بالكسر- أي ارتداد، و قد روى ارتداد الصحابة جميع المخالفين في كتب أخبارهم، ثم حكموا بأن الصحابة كلهم عدول، و قد روي في المشكاة و غيره من كتبهم عن ابن عباس عن النبي صلى الله عليه و آله أنه قال: إن أناسا من أصحابي يؤخذ بهم ذات الشمال فأقول: أصحابي أصحابي، فيقال: إنهم لم يزالوا مرتدين على أعقابهم منذ فارقتهم، فأقول كما قال العبد الصالح:" وَ كُنْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ شَهِيداً ما دُمْتُ فِيهِمْ- إلى قوله- الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ".

قوله عليه السلام:" ثم عرف أناس بعد يسير"

 (4) أن الحق مع علي فرجعوا إليه، و يمكن أن يقرأ- بعد- بالضم، و- يسير- بالرفع أي قليل من الناس.

قوله عليه السلام:" دارت عليهم الرحى"

 (5) أي رحى الإيمان و الإسلام، و نصرة

الحق‏

قوله تعالى:" انْقَلَبْتُمْ"

استفهام في معنى الإخبار كما يظهر من الأخبار

(Hadith three hundred and forty one)

Hasan (Good) or muwathaq (reliable)

His (as)'s saying "ahle ridda (people who turned back/apostated)": With "kasr" (a diacritic symbol in Arabic) implies apostasy, and the apostasy of companions is narrated by a collection of the opponents in their books of narrations, then they ruled by that the renunciation of all the companions, and it is narrated in Mishkat and other of their books from ibn Abbas, from the Prophet (pbuh) that he (Pbuh) said: "Indeed people from my companions would be taken by them with the left side (i.e. for punishment)." So I would say: "My companions, my companions!" So it would be said: "Indeed they did not stay (remain steadfast), they turned upon their backs after you left them." So I would say as the pious slave (of Allah) said (in al Qur'an 5:117-118): "And I was a witness over them while I dwelt amongst them, but when You took me up, You were the Watcher over them, and You are a Witness to all things. If You punish them, they are Your slaves, and if You forgive them, verily You, only You are the AllMighty, the AllWise."

His (as)'s saying: "then the people realized after progressing (of time).": The truth (righteous way) is associated with Ali (as) so they reverted to him, and it is possible to recite (the Arabic term in the text) "ba'd" (after) with "dhumma" (an Arabic diacritic symbol) and (the Arabic term in the text) "yaseer" (walking, going, progressing) with "raf'a" (an Arabic diacritic symbol), so it would imply few of the people.

His (as)'s saying: "These were those upon whom rested the quern": It means the quern of faith and Islam, and supporting the truth.

The saying of Allah (swt): "will ye then Turn back?": A question in the sense of telling/notifying, as appears from the traditions.

شرح أصول الكافي - مولي محمد صالح المازندراني - ج ١٢ - الصفحة ٣٣٩

Exposition of Usool al Kafi by Ayatullah Mazindrani, Volume 12, Page 339

* الشرح:
قوله: (المقداد بن الأسود وأبو ذر الغفاري وسلمان الفارسي رضى الله عنهم) قال الشيخ القرطبي
في شرح مسلم: قال رسول الله (صلى الله عليه وآله): «ان الله أمرني أن أحب أربعة وأخبرني أنه يحبهم على وأبو ذر
والمقداد وسلمان» (ثم عرف أناس بعد يسير) يسير بالجر على الإضافة: أي بعد زمان قليل أو
بالرفع صفة لاناس ولفظة بعد على الأول للتقييد وعلى الثاني للتأكيد (وقال: هؤلاء الذين دارت
عليهم الرحا) أي رحى الإسلام شبههم بقطب الرحى في توقف نظام الإسلام وجريانه عليهم (
وذلك قول الله عز وجل. انتهى) ذلك إشارة إلى ارتداد الأمة وبقاء قليل على الإسلام وهم
المقربون بنعمة الله التي هي الولاية الشاكرون عليه

Exposition: 

His (as)'s saying: "Al Miqdad b. al Aswad, Abu Dhar Ghafari and Salman Farsi (may Allah be pleased with them), Shaikh Qurtubi said in Sharh al Muslim: "The Prophet (pbuh) said: Indeed Allah (swt) ordered me that I love four (people) and informed me that He (swt) loves them, (they are) Ali, Abu Dhar, Miqdad and Salman."

(Imam's saying) "then the people realized after progressing (of time).": (The Arabic term in the text) "Yaseer" (walking, going, progressing) with the addition of "jar" (an Arabic diacritic symbol) implies after a short while, or with "raf'a" (an Arabic diacritic symbol) implies the character of the people; and the word (in the Arabic text) "ba'd" (after) upon the former is restrictive and upon the latter is confirmative.

 (Part of the hadith) "he (as) said: These were those upon whom rested the quern", means the quern of Islam and they were akin to the axis of the quern upon which the stopping and flowing of the system of Islam depended.

And that saying of Allah (quoted by the Imam in the hadith), that is an indication toward the apostasy of the ummah and the remaining of few people upon Islam, and they are the close/near ones (to Allah) by the bounty of Allah (swt) which is wilayah, they are grateful upon it.