Discussions and discourse about Allah(swt), allowed?

A post had been made earlier defining the limits of seeking knowledge about Allah(swt)  and the dangers of going beyond those limits here:

Contemplation about Allah(swt)

But unfortunately many of our scholars continue to define Allah(swt) as per philosophical gibberish as taught in Hawzas. For example, here's a passage from the famous book "God and His Attributes":

"When we speak of the first cause and simultaneously assert that God is free of all need for a cause, we do not mean that He generally shares with created beings the need for a cause but was once, as it were, granted an exemption from the law of causality. God is not an effect in order that He might need a cause; He is not a phenomenon in order that He might need a creator. On the contrary, all manifestations and phenomena of being derive from Him, the eternal source of being. The law of causality applies uniquely to the sphere of those things whose non-existence preceded their existence. 
Similarly, the meaning of the first cause is not that God originated Himself, that He was His own cause. The need of the effect for the cause lies in the type of existence that the former possesses; it exists not because it is essentially existent but as a result of the derivative and dependent existence it acquires from the cause. But a being whose nature is subject to no condition and exhibits a complete absence of dependence and connection is totally removed from the sphere in which the law of causality operates."

http://www.al-islam.org/GodAttributes/need.htm

So is this allowed as per ahadith?

Al Tauheed

وبهذا الاسناد، عن ابن أبي عمير، عن عبد الرحمن بن الحجاج، عن سليمان بن خالد، عن أبي عبد الله عليه السلام في قول الله عزوجل: (وأن إلى ربك المنتهى) قال: إذا انتهى الكلام إلى الله عزوجل فأمسكوا

And with this chain (of narration), from Ibn Abi Umair, from Abdur Rahman b. al Hajjaj, from Sulaiman b. Khalid, from Abi Abdullah(as) in (regards to) Allah(swt)'s saying (in Qur'an: 53:42): "That to thy Lord is the final Goal", said: "When the speech culminates/reaches to Allah(swt) then hold back."

Here's the earlier post (the link to which was provided at the start) which states the consequence for those who ignore this instruction.

Kafi

محمد بن يحيى، عن أحمد بن محمد، عن الحسين بن سعيد، عن النضر بن سويد عن عاصم بن حميد قال: قال: سئل علي بن الحسين (عليه السلام) عن التوحيد فقال: إن الله عزوجل علم أنه يكون في آخر الزمان أقوام متعمقون فأنزل الله تعالى قل هو الله أحد والآيات من سورة الحديد إلى قوله: " وهو عليم بذات الصدور " فمن رام وراء ذلك فقد هلك.

Muhammad b. Yahya, from Ahmed b. Muhammad, from al Hussain b. Sa'eed, from al Nudhr b. Suwaid from Asim b. Hamid said: (I) asked Ali b. al Hussain(as) about tawhid(oneness/unity of Allah). He replied: "Indeed Allah(SWT) knew that in the end times there would be intellectual people so Allah(SWT) sent down, Surah al Ikhlas* (chapter in al-Qur'an) and the verses of Surat al-Hadid*(chapter of al-Qur'an) until His words (that is, the first six verses) , ". . . and He knows well that which is in the breasts." Therefore someone who seeks to go beyond that will perish.'"

*Surah al Ikhlas(Yusuf Ali translation)

In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful
Say: He is Allah the One and Only; (1) Allah, the Eternal, Absolute; (2) He begetteth not, nor is He begotten; (3) And there is none like unto Him. (4)


*Surah Al Hadid(first 6 verses, Yusuf Ali translation):

In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful
Whatever is in the heavens and on earth let it declare the Praises and Glory of Allah: for He is the Exalted in Might, the Wise. (1) To Him belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth; it is He Who gives life and Death; and He has Power over all things. (2) He is the First and the Last, the Evident and the Hidden and He has full knowledge of all things. (3) He it is Who created the heavens and the earth in six Days, and is moreover firmly established on the Throne (of authority), He knows what enters within the earth and what comes forth out of it, what comes down from heaven and what mounts up to it. And He is with you wheresoever ye may be. And Allah sees well all that ye do. (4) To Him belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth: and all affairs go back to Allah. (5) He merges Night into Day, and He merges Day into Night; and He has full knowledge of the secrets of (all) hearts.